Queering the Outdoors: Experiences of 2LGBTQIA+ Outdoor Recreation Professionals

Authors

  • Sandy Heath Northern Arizona University
  • Lauren Duffy Clemson University
  • Stephen Lewis Clemson University
  • Christopher Busey University of Florida
  • Aby Sène-Harper Clemson University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2023-11636

Keywords:

Outdoor Recreation, LGBTQ+, Inclusive Culture, Critical Narrative Inquiry, Postmodern Approach

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Two Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, Plus non-conforming identities (LGBTQ+) individuals who have pursued a professional career in the outdoor recreation industry. Six stories of queer identity in the outdoors were gifted to this study, with the understanding that not all LGBTQ+ individuals experience the outdoors in the same way. Each participant was encouraged to guide the study through individual expression in alignment with an emancipatory critical narrative research design. This study considers participant experiences across the span of their career, where job advancement and the role of colleagues both arose as prominent themes that shed light on the pervasiveness of hegemonic culture in the outdoor recreation profession. Outdoor recreation organizations may learn from these stories to disentangle harmful social norms from curriculum and practices by creating structural pathways for professionals with non-dominant identities, and authentically consider how an organization’s history informs its culture. The findings have important implications for creating inclusive culture in the outdoor recreation profession.

References

References:

Alexander‐Floyd, N. G. (2010). Critical Race Black Feminism: A “Jurisprudence of Resistance” and the Transformation of the Academy. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. https://doi.org/10.1086/651036

Arai, S., & Kivel, B. D. (2018). Critical Race Theory and Social Justice Perspectives on Whiteness, Difference(s) and (Anti)Racism: A Fourth Wave of Race Research in Leisure Studies. Journal of Leisure Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2009.11950185

Barnfield, D., & Humberstone, B. (2008). Speaking out: perspectives of gay and lesbian practitioners in outdoor education in the UK. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 8(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670801976086

Bell, D. (1995). Who’ s Afraid of Critical Race Theory? University of Illinois Law Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392109342205

Benhabib, S. (2008). Feminism and the Question of Postmodernism. In The New Social Theory Reader.

Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member checking: a tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation. Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1802–1811.

Bochner, A. P., & Riggs, N. A. (2014). Practicing narrative inquiry. In The Oxford handbook of qualitative research (pp. 195–222). Oxford University Press.

Bond Rogers, E., & Rose, J. (2019). A Critical Exploration of Women’s Gendered Experiences in Outdoor Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825918820710

Bond Rogers, E., Taylor, J., & Rose, J. (2019). Perceptions and Experiences of Diversity and Inclusion of Outdoor Educators in Higher Education. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 11(2), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2019-v11-i2-8997

Bonilla-Silva, E. (1997). Rethinking Racism : Toward a Structural Interpretation. American Sociological Review, 62(3), 465–480.

Bowles, Hannah Riley, Linda Babcock, and L. L. (2007). Social Incentives for Gender Differences in the Propensity to Initiate Negotiations: Sometimes It Does Hurt to Ask. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108(1), 84–103.

Brewer, R. M., & Collins, P. H. (2006). Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Contemporary Sociology. https://doi.org/10.2307/2074808

Carminati, L. (2018). Generalizability in Qualitative Research: A Tale of Two Traditions. Qualitative Health Research, 28(13), 2094–2101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318788379

Chadwick, R. (2018). Thinking intersectionally with/through narrative methodologies. Agenda, 31(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2017.1341172

Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2019). Why do so many incompetent men become leaders?:(And how to fix it). Harvard Business Press.

Christian, M. (2019). A global critical race and racism framework: Racial entanglements and deep and malleable whiteness. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 5(2), 169–185.

Collins, P. (2015). Intersectionality’s Definitional Dilemmas. Ssrn. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112142

Collins, P. H. (2000). Gender, Black Feminism, and Black Political Economy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271620056800105

Collins, P. H. (2012). Social Inequality, Power, and Politics: Intersectionality and American Pragmatism in Dialogue. Journal of Speculative Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2012.0037

Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139, 139–167. University of Chicago Legal Forum. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(90)80039-E

Creswell & Poth. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches - John W. Creswell, Cheryl N. Poth - Google 图书. SAGE Publications.

Denzin, N. K. (2014). Reading the Challenges of a Global Community and the Sociological Imagination. Qualitative Inquiry, 20(9), 1122–1127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800414542934

Eck, E. (2021). Departing from the Norm : Diversity , Representation and Community-building in Outdoor Recreation By, (May).

Ferdman, B. M., & Deane, B. R. (2014). Diversity at Work: The Practice of Inclusion. Diversity at Work: The Practice of Inclusion. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118764282

Finney, C. (2014). Black faces, white spaces: Reimagining the relationship of African Americans to the great outdoors. UNC Press Books.

Flores, D., & Kuhn, K. (2018). Latino Outdoors: Using storytelling and social media to increase diversity on public lands. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 36(3).

Ho, Y. C. J., & Chang, D. (2021). To whom does this place belong? Whiteness and diversity in outdoor recreation and education. Annals of Leisure Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2020.1859389

Humberstone, B. (2001). Hegemonic Struggles in Outdoor Adventure Education. In Fourth European Congress for Outdoor Adventure (pp. 35–41).

Hunt, R. (2019). Historical geography, climbing and mountaineering: route setting for an inclusive future. Geography Compass, 13(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12423

Keegan, C. M. (2020). Against queer theory. Transgender Studies Quarterly, 7(3), 349–353. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-8552978

Lim, F., Jones, P. A., & Paguirigan, M. (2019). A guide to fostering an LGBTQ-inclusive workplace. Nursing Management, 50(6), 46–53.

Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (2019). Qualitative Research in Practice Examples for Discussion and Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.

Mowatt, R. (2020). A People ’ s History of Leisure Studies : The Great Race and the National Parks and US Forests. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 38(3).

Parry, D. C., Johnson, C. W., & Stewart, W. (2013). Leisure Research for Social Justice: A Response to Henderson. Leisure Sciences, 35(1), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.739906

Peeters, L., & Ringer, M. (2020). Experiential Facilitation in the Outdoors. In In Outdoor Therapies (pp. 16–29). Routledge.

Polkinghorne, D. E. (2007). in Narrative Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 13(4), 1–16.

Robinett, J. (2014). Heteronormativity in Leisure Research: Emancipation as Social Justice. Leisure Sciences, 36(4), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2014.917000

Rogers, E. B., & Rose, J. (2019). A Critical Exploration of Women’s Gendered Experiences in Outdoor Leadership. Journal of Experiential Education, 42(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825918820710

Selin, S., Cerveny, L. K., Blahna, D. J., & Miller, A. B. (2020). Igniting research for outdoor recreation: Linking science, policy, and action. USDA Forest Service - General Technical Report PNW-GTR, 2020(GTR-987), 1–272.

Smith-Laing, T. (2017). Gender trouble. Gender Trouble. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781912281718

Soklaridis, S., Kuper, A., Whitehead, C. R., Ferguson, G., Taylor, V. H., & Zahn, C. (2017). Gender bias in hospital leadership: a qualitative study on the experiences of women CEOs. Journal of Health Organization and Management.

Springate, M. E. (2016). LGBTQ Civil Rights in America. LGBTQ America: A Theme Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer History.

Stodolska, M., Shinew, K. J., & Camarillo, L. N. (2019). Constraints on Recreation Among People of Color: Toward a New Constraints Model. Leisure Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2018.1519473

Tatonetti, L. (2021). Written by the Body: Gender Expansiveness and Indigenous Non-Cis Masculinities. U of Minnesota Press.

Victor, S. (2009). Telling Tales: A Review of C. K. Riessman’s Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Qualitative Report, 14(3), 172–176.

Xiang, Z. (2018). Queer Ancient Ways: A Decolonial Exploration (Vol. 148). punctum books.

Yang, J. (2011). Queer Theory and Critical Practice, (May), 79–105.

Published

2023-04-11

Issue

Section

Regular Papers