Visitor Use and Recreational Conflict in the George Washington Memorial Parkway

Authors

  • Joseph Eitzel George Mason University
  • Sammie Powers George Mason University
  • Michael Gephart George Mason University
  • Maddie Cottrell California State Parks
  • Anna Medlin Kona Cloud Forest Sanctuary
  • Chris Zajchowski University of Idaho

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2025-13150

Keywords:

Depreciative behaviors, park managers, visitation, urban parks

Abstract

Recreational conflict is a growing concern in parks experiencing high visitation and diverse user activities. This study examines the George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP), a linear urban park in Northern Virginia, to explore the nature and extent of such conflicts. Using thematic analysis of open-ended responses from visitor surveys, the study identifies three primary conflict themes: (1) conflict between user groups, (2) depreciative behaviors versus sustainable use, and (3) social values conflict. These conflicts often arise from mismatched expectations, activity styles, and social norms, exacerbated by the park’s dual role as a recreational space and commuter corridor. Findings suggest that both indirect (education, signage) and direct (zoning, user group engagement) management strategies are needed to reduce conflict and enhance the visitor experience. The study offers practical insights for park managers seeking to balance access, enjoyment, and sustainability in multi-use recreational settings. 

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Published

2026-01-04

Issue

Vol. 44 No. 1 (2026): Special Issue: Research Notes from the 2025 National Environment and Recreation Research Symposium

Section

Special Issue: NERR 2025

License

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