Referee Engagement and Officiating Accuracy in a College-Level Volleyball Sport Education Season

Authors

  • Zachary Wahl-Alexander Northern Illinois University
  • Oleg A. Sinelnikov University of Alabama
  • K. Andrew R. Richards The University of Alabama

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2019-V76-I2-8667

Keywords:

sport education, officiating, physical education, basic instructional program

Abstract

This study investigated university students’ levels of engagement and accuracy of officiating volleyball during their first Sport Education season. The participants in this study included 20 students (12 male, 8 female) enrolled in a beginner volleyball activity course. The volleyball Sport Education season included 21 lessons that lasted 75 min each. All season gameplay was video recorded and data were collected so that we could determine student engagement and officiating accuracy for every referee throughout the season. A series of paired-samples t tests examined changes over time, and bivariate correlations examined the relationships among engagement and officiating decision variables at preseason and during the formal competition. The results of this study indicated a significant increase in active engagement of officials from preseason to the formal competition phase with the corresponding decrease in passive engagement. Furthermore, while there were no significant differences in the accuracy of some officiating decisions over time, the overall officiating accuracy significantly increased from preseason to formal competition. The levels of engagement were related to the complexity of officiating calls and to an overall accuracy. Officiating competency needs to be intentionally developed during Sport Education, and teachers should allocate ample time for students to practice and improve their officiating abilities, because officiating serves as an important integral part of this pedagogical model.

Subscribe to TPE

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2019-03-19

Issue

Vol. 76 No. 2 (2019)

Section

Articles

License

Sagamore Publishing LLC (hereinafter the “Copyright Owner”)

Journal Publishing Copyright Agreement for Authors

PLEASE REVIEW OUR POLICIES AND THE PUBLISHING AGREEMENT, AND INDICATE YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS BY CHECKING THE ‘AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS COPYRIGHT NOTICE’ CHECKBOX BELOW.

I understand that by submitting an article to The Physical Educator, I am granting the copyright to the article submitted for consideration for publication in The Physical Educator to the Copyright Owner. If after consideration of the Editor of the The Physical Educator, the article is not accepted for publication, all copyright covered under this agreement will be automatically returned to the Author(s).

THE PUBLISHING AGREEMENT

Assignment of Copyright

I hereby assign to the Copyright Owner the copyright in the manuscript I am submitting in this online procedure and any tables, illustrations or other material submitted for publication as part of the manuscript in all forms and media (whether now known or later developed), throughout the world, in all languages, for the full term of copyright, effective when the article is accepted for publication.

Reversion of Rights

Articles may sometimes be accepted for publication but later be rejected in the publication process, even in some cases after public posting in “Articles in Press” form, in which case all rights will revert to the Author.

Retention of Rights for Scholarly Purposes

I understand that I retain or am hereby granted the Retained Rights. The Retained Rights include the right to use the Preprint, Accepted Manuscript, and the Published Journal Article for Personal Use and Internal Institutional Use.

All journal material is under a 12 month embargo. Authors who would like to have their articles available as open access should contact Sagamore-Venture for further information.

In the case of the Accepted Manuscript and the Published Journal Article, the Retained Rights exclude Commercial Use, other than use by the author in a subsequent compilation of the author’s works or to extend the Article to book length form or re-use by the author of portions or excerpts in other works.

Published Journal Article: the author may share a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI.

Author Representations

  • The Article I have submitted to the journal for review is original, has been written by the stated author(s) and has not been published elsewhere.
  • The Article was not submitted for review to another journal while under review by this journal and will not be submitted to any other journal.
  • The Article contains no libelous or other unlawful statements and does not contain any materials that violate any personal or proprietary rights of any other person or entity.
  • I have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in the Article.
  • If the Article was prepared jointly with other authors, I have informed the co-author(s) of the terms of this Journal Publishing Agreement and that I am signing on their behalf as their agent, and I am authorized to do so.